Opening links in a new tab: why overriding default behavior might not be the best idea

Opening links in new tabs by default?

By default, clicking a link in the browser opens the page in the same tab. This allows for a few key benefits:

• A consistent experience: People know what to expect when they click a link.
• A clear way to go back: The browser’s back button is always present and works in the same, predictable way.

On the other hand, opening a link in a new tab can be disorienting:

• Since the behavior isn’t consistent across websites, users might not realize they’re in a new tab.
• The back button may not work as expected (more on that below).
• On mobile, new tabs are less visible than on a computer, potentially confusing users even more.
• For people using screen readers, navigating between tabs can be even more difficult.

Additionally, all browsers allow users to choose to open a page in a new tab, giving them control over their experience.

Some browsers handle links opened in a new tab like regular links, allowing you to use the back button to close the new tab and return to the original page. However, while this works as a safety net, this feature isn't available in all browsers.

Exceptions: when opening links in new tabs is a good idea

There are scenarios where opening links in new tabs can reduce friction:

• External links: If a link takes users to an external site, it may be helpful to open it in a new tab. This way, they can explore the new site without losing their place on your page. This is especially useful if they’re in the middle of navigating complex information.
• Interactive processes: If a user is in the middle of an interactive process (like filling out a form or making a purchase), opening links in a new tab preserves their progress and avoids confusion.
• Help or documentation: Links to documentation or FAQs are often best opened in a new tab, allowing users to reference the information without leaving their primary task.

In all these cases, it’s still important to inform users about what will happen. This is typically done with an “external link” icon and supporting text. Even if you choose not to display the text, it should remain accessible to screen readers.

Handling file downloads

Sometimes, opening or downloading files looks or behaves just like a link. However, browser and operating system behavior can vary. Some browsers open a file without downloading it, while others download it directly.

Users are generally familiar with their tools and have expectations. However, this is one instance where overriding default behaviors can make sense.

Sometimes users just need to glance at a file, whether they’re looking up information, checking a payslip, or verifying a signature. Other times, they need to download the file to perform an action.

If these cases are easily identified, you can set your own defaults. If they’re not, offering users the choice to either open or download the file gives them, once again, control over their experience.